Top Benefits Of Technology Blogs

Blogs are sprouting more fastened than Websites are being established in the Internet. This is mainly because of the several advantages that these have over the more advanced Websites. Even so, although blogs of distinct genre go along to increase, those centering on technology have get even more pleasing by people who do not need to be left behind in the most former Engineering developments. Here are the reasons why many look up to technology Blogs.

Compared to Websites, sustaining Blogs are way much more inexpensive. In fact, there are Websites where Blogging is suited free. For those who like to discuss points on technology without being annoyed with cost, Blogging is for sure the option. Technology Blogs are gentler to navigate. These conceive the fact that not all the people who are concerned in technology are Internet-savvy. Some just need information concerning the most former electronic devices. Many as well prefer to get the information they require without going by so many Web pages.

Blogs on technology get in info in the non-techie’s Language. In fact, these discusses technology on a more intimate and Personal manner. These do not panic or confuse people with very engineering or scientific terms. Technology Blogs are for sure interactive. These are not locales for one-way communication just like most Websites. Rather, these make sure that readers can also present their ideas or comments on the articles and other information on technology. This can be great source of net income for the Blogger. Since people who interpret technology Blogs are certainly concerned in communication and electronic devices, makers of such items will certainly find it beneficial if they can post their advertisements on those blogs.

Blogs focusing on technology are the great venues for sharing info on the most latest updates in the area of Electronics Engineering. People from various parts of the world can very easily access these so it builds the info sharing even extensive reaching. Technology Blogs can be utilized to monitor the costs of appliances and devises worldwide. By these, people can see the variation of prices. These offer them options on where to purchase such items at low costs.

These can help Electronic device users in doing repairs and maintenance. Sometimes, makers simply do not offer effective Customer services. Luckily, there are Blogs that come out on regular with DIY articles on enhancing or repairing technological devices. In several cases, these Blogs have been utilized as hosts for individual reviews on technological products. Since dealers or manufacturers do not run and own these, one can anticipate these to be more impersonal in judging the products. Technology Blogs usually provide tips on the suitable use of many electronic devices and appliances.

About The Hh0-050, Hitachi Data Systems Storage Technology Exam

To become an HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY certified one should pass the HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY test. In IT industry HHO is highly appreciated company this company needs no introduction it well-known status in the world. Everyone is looking forward for good carrier thats why this HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY test is crossing all the limits of popularity. Professions who avail certification from this company finds open doors of jobs, because it authenticates the knowledge related sales.
Those who get certified fromHHO are extremely in demand because HHO certifications are preferred in every medium they can provide many types of benefits for companies. Those companies which are hiring qualified professionals are able to get good results in the form of increased outputs and profits. HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY are set for making sure that candidates are aware of advanced methods to meet sales skill criteria which is very much important to increase the revenues of the business. Every IT professional like to add HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY in his profile because of great demand for the certification in the job market, entity make it sure; demand and supply should not be equal. Same in the case of HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY the demand of HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY is very high because of HHO popularity, HHO is very much strict in its course it make sure that candidate should make thorough preparation on its part and increase their knowledge as much as they can.

HH0-050, HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY Exam Audience Profile:
This merchant neutral path is for all spectators interested in storage technology. subordinate IT professionals appearing to slice out a career pathway with a hub on storage space, and IT professionals who look for to make bigger their information on storage would be perfect candidates for this pathway. Also, college and university students and fresh graduates would put on a head start in their IT careers by fasingt this Storage Technology certification.
Topics for the HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY Exam:
The HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY Exam is made up of the following topics:
IT Infrastructure
Storage and Storage Networking Components
Storage Technologies
Storage Architecture and Protocols
Storage Networking
Business Continuity and Replication
Identify storage virtualization methods, types and techniques.

How to Pass the HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY Exam:
For sure success in the HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY one should select the best resources through online searches. There are several websites which ensure your success in HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY test. If your purpose is to find Study material, it is appropriate to visit the websites intended for the purpose. With the help of internet your success in the test doesnt remain a dream.
There are many websites who offers course material relevant to the HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY test at different packages. These courses materials are specially designed by professionals who explain all the difficult issues and also explained the paper format.
After getting reliable information from online sources you are allowed for two attempts to pass a HITACHI DATA SYSTEMS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY test. If you face two consecutive failure attempts, you must wait three months before taking the test again.

VoIP – Communication Technology Best

You ‘ve heard the term VOIP from many people who use it. But what is the IP ? VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. In layman’s term , VoIP is tiesiogterminas used when you use the internet connection of the call . Yraprogramines a lot of equipment to use VoIP . One such well-known system of Skype. Now you will have a lot of questions in mind now. Why do you choose VoIP over landline phone? And will there be any fees involved?

Remember the time when mobile phones were not yet popular and everyone was using hand-held or wireless landline phones. This was before cell phones became cheap, that cell phones have become popular. The same thing happened with VOIP . People are now using VoIP to call someone halfway around the world than using landline phones and have a stack of bills month. Taipuikus way for you to save money. Not only will it be free, you can speak to anyone at any time as long as they have the same software or application. That is why it is very important that you know who VOIP inside your home, office or maybe the pros .

VoIP offers its users a wide range of benefits. If you have a computer , stable internet connection, a microphone and headset , then you set the VoIP. You sign up for a VoIP service has a few extra features added to your application. There is no capacity landline phone need anymore. Landline phones are expensive to maintain and make long distance calls will only make your monthly bill cost more.

Another major advantage of having VoIP is that you have unlimited time communication. Consider this , if you are a landline phone to call someone you love , you will be charged for each minute you spend talking to someone. This makes your call quickly and uncomfortable. If you have VoIP, you can talk all you want , because you will not have to pay anything other than web account . Some VoIP companies charge a flat rate per month , regardless of how many hours spent talking.

You can have conference calls with VoIP business transactions . Instead of limiting yourself to talk to one person , why not speak more than two at the same time. This makes it convenient for business and meetings , because everyone listens to and can share information in real time and at the same time.

The best thing about VoIP is likely to be a free service. There are many VoIP service providers that offer free services a lot. There are no rental fees or other fees. In fact, you can enjoy other features such as conference calling , call waiting , caller ID , and others who have a landline phone , spending so many dollars have. You can even travel around and still use VoIP. Wherever you go, you can still use VoIP until yrainterneto connection.

Log in VoIP today and put your worries away. You can still keep in touch with their loved ones by using VoIP and save money in the process.

How To Engage Employees With Technology Based Change

When you think about the millions of dollars organizations spend each year on IT programs of work, wouldn’t it be prudent knowing that employees actually understand and most importantly embrace the reason behind the changes? There is one way of ensuring that employees and their managers have got the message and truly understand the reasons for the new system implementation. And that is the means that you communicate change.

Let’s start with reviewing how most organizations manage technology based change. If your organization’s approach to this type of change is new skills training and employee communication strategies that include stakeholder management (translated briefings), intranet and email updates then that’s not managing change, rather it is focussed on information. So what is the difference and why do we need to do anything more than provide information?

IT systems are not introduced for the sake of a new system itself, they are introduced because there are benefits to be realised from a business management perspective. This may include more information on customer profiles and identifying other products or services clients may be interested in purchasing, the chagnes might focus on back office systems such as greater information for human resources management or accounting or they may focus on the supply chain and logistics. Whatever the reason there is a business reason for change and this is what employees need to understand if the full benefits of any system implementation is going to be realised.

Let’s look at an example. This financial services organisation was introducing a new back office system. In the past employees worked in separate divisions so customers were transferred from one area to another to process their request. The new system meant that all of the customer details were now available to employees and that they would now work in teams and “own” the customer from the commencement to end of transaction. It was a complete system and work style change so before specific system training was introduced a simulated work area was established and employees were taken through the customer experience. It was important that they understood the benefits to the customer by looking at the changes through the eyes of the customer. This way we created the “Aha” moment, employees got the message better than any intranet, information session or email bulletin could have conveyed it. And when employees went into system training they clearly understood the benefits and business reasons behind the changes.

The five key things to remember when communicating technology changes.

1. Be very clear about the business reasons for the changes – who will benefit and what will those benefits be?
2. Establish why those benefits are important? What will the impact be on the organization?
3. Decide the key messages for your information strategy – what will you need to communicate, to whom and when?
4. Concurrently design an engagement strategy at key points in your project plan that will engage employees at all levels in the reason for the technology changes.
5. Remember to ensure engagement the message is not about the system itself but about the business reasons for the changes.

Finally, as change management professionals can we take the same approach to managing system changes and apply it to every new organization? The answer is clearly no because as every organization’s culture is different, so it follows that every approach to change management and employee communication must be different to maximise the investment and potential of the system changes that are implemented.

Maximize the Green Efficiency of Your Multi-site Technology Deployments through Truck Rolls

According to the [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)], light trucks account for 62% of greenhouse gas emissions,” said Dan Murray, VP at Kentrox, in a recent Telephony Online article series by journalist Carol Wilson. “If a large wireless provider with a fleet of 1000 trucks was able to eliminate three truck rolls a week, which would represent a savings of 3.3 million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions.”

On the heels of the president’s initiative to extend broadband services to the most rural areas of the nation combined with the push for green-centric services, organizations must be concerned with fuel consumption and associated emissions expended when deploying technology on a multi-site national or international scale.

The Current State of the Industry
The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics discovered that the typical 20-gallon-tank work van averaging 18 miles/gallon burns on average of nearly 692 gallons of fuel per year and emits 9.29 grams per mile of carbon monoxide.

There are 3 primary factors that contribute to the massive consumption of fuel and emissions related to multi-site technology deployments across large geographical areas:

1. Not Having Establishing Local Partnerships
The typical technology rollout company will dispatch the closest local technician to each site location. However, most companies do not have the qualified partnerships established prior to a deployment, especially in rural areas. Thus, they can often deploy the closest resource they have available anywhere from 75 to 200 miles or more from the site. Because the typical rollout company’s primary concern is to complete the job for their customer, they give little concern to the “green” effects (or lack thereof) of the dispatch distance. Thus, the more the travel distance is increased, the more fuel is used and emissions expended to complete the work. This also increases overall project costs, due to increased time required for travel of the initial install and maintenance services.

2. Not Consolidating Multiple Services into Fewer Truck Rolls
Traditional service companies do not combine different technologies with varying requirements into a single or minimized number of truck rolls. This results in individual services deployed by individual truck rolls. This increased number of truck rolls skyrockets fuel consumption and associated emissions for a single job site. The results are exponentially increased for multi-site deployments that span large geographical areas.

3. Not Employing Multi-Service Technicians
In a similar fashion, the typical technology rollout company will dispatch a single local technician from one location; however a separate technician providing a different service will be deployed from an altogether different business location. Thus, separate vehicles are deployed. For instance, a demarc extension (i.e., cabling to extend circuit services) may be provided by one local resource, however the equipment installation (e.g., router) will be provided by another resource. This again increases the amount of fuel consumed as well as harmful emissions.

The “Concert Close” Green IT Deployment Program
To address these concerns, the “green” deployment program, called “Concert Close”, has been developed that follows these principles allowing for the reduction of up to 70% fuel consumption and emissions for national multi-site rollouts.

How is “Concert Close” Green?
“Concert Close” sets the following standards for you:

1. Setting maximum travel distances for each truck roll by performing 90% of nationwide projects:

– 20 miles or less one-way for urban areas
– 40 miles or less one-way for rural areas

2. Minimizing the number of truck rolls through multiple service provisioning

We use the Local Multi-Service Deployment Method which, in conjunction with our Maestro Technology Rollout System, allows us to provide Green IT deployments for your projects. For more information, view our Green IT Deployment Video or Technology Rollout White Paper.

Summary
With the rise of project costs and the concern of providing environmentally-friendly solutions, the way in which the technology solution is deployed is a critical factor. Only by addressing the issues of 1) travel distance combined with 2) limiting the number of truck rolls through multi-service provisioning can you be assured of the most green-efficient rollout possible.

Learn more about “Concert Close” Green IT Deployment Program at www.concerttech.com

Apple iPad A Different View Of Technology

In the tablet computer segment Apple has launched a gadget that is the answer to the technological issues and the features that a high-end smartphone and tablet computer can hold. With its much awaited product, Apple has taken a leap in the next generation of style and technology with this device. The iPad which has is designed to fall between the smartphone and a laptop segment, is capable of outstanding features that you can expect from a hand held gadget. You can enjoy every aspect of technology that you ever desired of in such a small package. With stylish, sleek and heart- throbbing looks, th Apple iPad measures only 0.5 inches in thickness.

This handset has a large 9.7 inch LCD display which gives you a different viewing experience. You can now forget about those tiny objects of a video that you missed watching on a 3 or 4 inch display. If you come to the looks of the device, it has black borders all around the screen to add to its astonishing looks. With the controlling buttons located just below the screen, you can easily navigate a feature or turn off the display using the sleep button.

The Apple iPad runs on the Apple A4 processor with a built-in GPU and it has a 1 GHz CPU which makes the device a fast and non-tiring object of choice. The processing speed of the device is well efficient with the Wi-Fi, GPS, and bluetooth connectivity. However the Apple iPad would run only on the softwares downloaded from the Apples App Store. The gadget is also capable of running all third applications which are displayed at the size of the iPhone or enlarged to fit the full screen.

The iPad deals can be availed on a large network providing scale. Cheap iPad deals can be sought by the leading network providers like Orange, T-Mobile, O2, Three etc. These companies are providing exciting deals on the iPad contract. You can check through the various websites that are promoting the product as well for further bargains and choose the best among the available options. In addition to this you also get incentives like free talk time, free text messages, internet usage etc, high-end electronic gadgets like laptops, Nintendo Wii, LCD TVs and many more to choose from.

Get Latest Updates On iPad Deals and Other Offers iPad Contract in UK, Visit onlinemobilephoneshop.co.uk/

Juvena Of Switzerland Skin Nova Stem-cell Technology

Juvena is a Swiss skin care luxury brand. The company has been producing these types of products for more than fifty years. Their continuing drive towards improving the quality of their skin care lines has made Juvena of Switzerland one of the most trusted brands throughout the world. The companys name, Juvena, is derived from a Latin word meaning youthfulness. Their skin care lines were developed with this in mind so their clients could enjoy an extended youth for their skin.

Juvena skin care products are centered around their SkinNova Stem-cell technology. Juvena’s patented SkinNova provides its skin care products the ability to generate “Fresh, New Skin” at any age, through the regenerative abilities of the skins own stem cells. This is not the embryonic stem cell variety nor is there tampering of the genetic code. These products make use of a peptide to activate the rejuvenating properties of stem cells already present in the skin.

Juvena of Switzerlands products are distributed into seven categories that address different skin care needs. These categories are pure cleansing; prevent and optimize; MasterCare products; regenerate and restore; specialist products; rejuvenate and correct; and body products. Master Care skin care line made by Juvena is their signature product that makes full use of the SkinNova technology and is the core of their skin care program.

Among Juvena’s products, Master Cream is the jewel that their extensive research on anti-aging products has produced. This is a combination of their exclusive SkinNova technology and complementary anti-aging ingredients that enables the skins stem cells to remain active. This way, their much advertised Fresh, New Skin, is achieved. The products that bear this name also act to preserve the skins regeneration potential by keeping the stem cells in the skin consistently active. This is the principle behind Juvena’s flagship skin care line.

The products to choose when searching for combinations that address the different skin care needs are indicated in the name itself. Each person is exposed to different conditions. Plus, there are several different skin types that need specific skin care formulations. Juvena addresses these concerns through their Prevent and Optimize line which is tailored to the different skin types. Their Rejuvenate and Correct skin care line takes into account the different conditions that the skin is exposed to.

The skin also has minute differences in various parts of the body. Specialists of Juvena and Body lines have been designed with this in mind. For instance, a specific offering specifically for the hands have been developed, another set for the neck, for hair regrowth, and other parts of the body as well as the body in general. This makes Juvena a one stop shop for all skin care needs.

There are also offerings by Juvena geared towards purpose such as the Pure Cleansing line and the Regenerate and Restore set. This is particularly useful for those who use makeup as a necessity. Makeup is often difficult to remove conventionally. This is where Pure Cleansing comes in. Also, makeup does damage to the skin by its very nature so something that regenerates and restores would be very helpful in maintaining the skins health.

Overall, Juvena of Switzerland, through their signature SkinNova Stem-cell technology, has many excellent offerings that more and more people are finding that if they buy Juvena Skin Care product, they are able retain their skins youthfulness.

CDMA Mobiles creating revolution in mobile technology

CDMA technology is lesser used technology amongst the two i.e. GSM and CDMA. There have been two major network-providers Tata and Reliance. Recently, MTS has also joined hands with them and has come out of lucrative schemes to create a revolution in competition.

CDMA or Code Division Multiple Access is as smart a technology as GSM mobile networking. Originally known as IS-95, it was developed by Qualcomm and enhanced by Ericsson. It is characterized by small radius but high capacity. CDMA is a form of spread-spectrum signaling and its modulated coded signal has much higher bandwidth than communicated data.

CDMA technology is lesser used technology amongst the two i.e. GSM and CDMA. There have been two major network-providers Tata and Reliance. Recently, MTS has also joined hands with them and has come out of lucrative schemes to create a revolution in competition.

Companies like Samsung, Motorola, LG, etc have been targeting their customers with attractive prices and schemes. An average CDMA handset is very cheap and usually come with cheap connection prices. Initially they could not create their market-hold, due to their lesser subscribers. But now, they are as popular as GSM mobiles.

This technology is more popular in suburbs and villages, where the cost of operating a CDMA handset is quite low. In one such scheme, talking from mobile to mobile with same service provider was almost negligible and hence quite affordable. On the other hand, users have to invest in mobile and connection both for utilizing this service.

Mobile services have improved upon their network and this is the treason that almost every second person utilizes the services with quite an ease.

CDMA handsets are present in all range, from entry level to premium categories. Samsung CDMA handsets are sleek, stylish, and provide its customers full value for money. Similarly Nokia CDMA handsets are trust-worthy and reliable in their approach.

CDMA handset are more popular now days. They can be installed easily and are quite less costly on pockets. Since everyone wants to reduce cost of operation, so they are shifting to CDMA mobiles from much popular GSM connections. Those who have been maintaining a number for professional purposes are opting for another connection to make their calls almost negligible in cost.

The major three players including Tata, Reliance and MTS will give a run to other network-subscribers. Users can reduce their mobile bills by simply making calls from CDMA mobiles.

Learn Sound Technology Online

The majority of people are not aware of how much sound has permeated every aspect of daily life. Every sound from music, television, and radio has to be created and edited prior to being heard. Online degree programs are available to provide the knowledge that makes up these skills to students who choose to learn sound technology online.

Sound technology engages the recording and controlling of sound waves.
*These waves include spoken words, music effects, and sound effects.
*The sound waves that make up these three broad categories can be applied to numerous avenues.
*Programs provide students with the skills needed to manipulate sound through courses in science, technology, and art. This combination of topics helps students learn so they are equipped and ready to use the industries technology.
*Online learning teaches students to pay close attention to the details of the sounds they are working with.
Knowledge is gained through different degree and diploma programs online.

Degree programs in sound technology can be earned at the associates degree and bachelors degree level. Students interested in graduate education can find some schools that offer masters degree programs. Gaining as associates degree has students studying how to become a sound technician for one to two years. This equals out to be around 72 credit hours and is broken down either by the college or schedule a student creates. Some traditional schools and colleges have a deadline for a certain amount of credit hours per semester and others allow students to create their schedule. The latter allows students who need more time understanding course content to finish the course on their own time. Courses teach students about the technology used for analog and digital recording devices. Specific courses include principles of digital recording, analog tape recording, audio mastering, and live sound engineering. Students learn how to perform duties to be a soundboard operator and audio recording engineer.

A bachelors degree program will have students completing the program in approximately four years. Earning a degree at this level of education is the most common degree sought after by students. Curriculum centers on audio recording techniques and acoustics. Courses include sound mixing, audio production, and operating digital audio. In an audio restoration course students learn how to use the tools needed to work with the problem of extra noise in all forms. For example, a student will learn how to eliminate background noise in a home recording. A course like this focuses on noise reduction in pre recording, noise reduction in post recording, and using the technology to fix a recording. Some colleges may require students to enter a professional internship to gain real world experience. Career training possibilities include broadcast manager, studio manager, audio post-production manager, music producer, and entertainment manager. Continuing education in a masters degree provides in depth study and opens top-level careers.

Learn how to use the latest professional equipment and software by earning a degree. The knowledge gained through coursework puts students inside a global community that allows them to work in any field that uses sound. Students should consider their schooling options and enter an accredited sound technology degree program that will prepare them for this competitive field. The Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training accredits schools and colleges that offer quality training programs that will help students succeed.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERIC OUTLINE and may or may not depict precise methods, courses and/or focuses related to ANY ONE specific school(s) that may or may not be advertised on our site.

Notice to Publishers: You may use this article on Ezine or on your Website; however, ALL links must remain intact and active. Failure to retain links is expressly prohibited and violators will be prosecuted extensively by law.

Modern Technology – Connecting Or Hurting Humanity

The marvels of modern technology is what makes our present society possible. All these cool new gadgets and fancy devices have developed the standard of living for humanity so much that we simply cannot live without them as the are impact technologies. Institutes of technology and management have become citadels of learning and hope. Examples of these star technologies include the cell phone, the television, and comfy, sleek new modern vehicles. These gadgets make life so much easier, but it doesn’t mean that we could not live without them. For all it’s wonders, technology also has a downside, which is that fact that as it advances; people will become and will continue to become more lazy.

As observed already, modern technology has been such a huge impact that it has become engrained the in fibre of all of human society but it has brought a terrible precondition with it. Modern technology can make people lazy, selecting to sit on their butts looking at an electron screen for hours rather than doing something outside or physical exertions. The internet is a spring of information but it has become more obvious over the last few years that people tend to go to communities that have similar ideologies and opinions and avoid those with differing thoughts. What is created is homogenized online communties with no divergence and a large subverting of the foundations of democracy. The various institutes of technology & management will just go on about how great anything technology is.

Travelling by vehicles like cars or buses are a necessity in the modern world, but these habits are what makes the world look so unengaged nowadays. Many people now are too lazy to even commit themselves to taking a walk around the block to your destination. Now a days everyone possesses a car that they can and do take all over, even if it’s just a tiny walking distance down the street or around the corner. I am not trying to appear as a luddite as technology has evidently made cars and almost everything in life much safer to be in or close to. Car companies love to brag about how their newest vehicle have higher crash test ratings, and numerous of air bags which is something to be proud of. So while the new innovations in cars may make people more aloof, cars are essential in life so maybe the innovations in safety are more serious then the lazy element.

One of the essential innovations, cell phones have attached humanity closer than ever before. Cellphones have allowed anybody, anywhere to call anyone, anywhere with a touch of a few buttons (assuming the signal is great and you are willing the pay additional fees). Cellphones have however led to the growth of the ‘texting’ culture and it’s execrations of our language and conversation skills but it’s just a small price to pay for the networking of the human race.

Video games have congealed themselves in modern culture as a great outlet for amusement, learning and refreshment. Despite what you hear from soccer moms about video games and violence and videogame addiction, videogames actually have an effect like to those movies you see in theaters. They admit you to become someone else and experience things from a brand new perspective which is great for personal maturation. Videogames are also great for interpersonal gatherings and encountering people. Studies from ICT technology show that videogames have no correlation between increased aggressiveness.

Technology is awesome, it has changed humanity for the better and improved the standards of living for everyone in ways that we couldn’t even believe were possible. Every human on the planet now has their own cool shiny gadgets or devices that make their lives more efficient. Modern cutting edge technology has some faults but for all the good it has done, it is more than worth it. Tools for social networking, better safety for everything, entertainment and much more, technology is outstanding as long as you maintain a level of will power.

1 2 3 9